What is a Stroke?

A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when there is a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in brain cell damage. There are two main types of stroke:

1. Ischemic Stroke: This is the most common type of stroke, caused by a blocked or narrowed blood vessel in the brain, leading to reduced blood flow.
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke: This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Various factors can contribute to the development of a stroke, including:

• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Atrial fibrillation (irregular heart rhythm)
• High cholesterol levels
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Physical inactivity
• Obesity
• Family history of stroke
• Age (risk increases with age)

Recognizing the Signs of Stroke:

It is crucial to recognize the signs of a stroke and act quickly, as every minute counts. Remember the acronym "FAST":

• F - Face drooping: One side of the face may droop or feel numb.
• A - Arm weakness: You may experience weakness or numbness in one arm.
• S - Speech difficulties: Speech may be slurred or difficult to understand.
• T - Time to call for help: If you or someone else experiences any of these symptoms, call emergency services immediately.

Other common symptoms may include sudden severe headache, confusion, trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Diagnosing a stroke typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, brain imaging (CT scan or MRI), and other tests to determine the type and severity of the stroke.

Immediate treatment is crucial to minimise brain damage and improve outcomes. Treatment options may include:

• Clot-busting medications (for ischemic strokes) are administered within a specific time window.
• Mechanical thrombectomy (removal of a blood clot) for eligible patients.
• Blood pressure management and other supportive care to stabilise the patient.

Recovery and Rehabilitation:

After receiving emergency treatment, stroke recovery often involves rehabilitation to regain lost abilities and improve overall functioning. Rehabilitation is usually led by a rehabilitation medicine physician and may include:

1. Physical Rehabilitation: To regain strength, balance, and mobility, physiotherapy plays a crucial role. Targeted exercises and activities help you rebuild physical abilities.
2. Occupational Therapy: This therapy focuses on regaining the skills needed for daily living activities such as dressing, grooming, and cooking. Occupational therapists also help with adaptations and assistive devices as necessary.
3. Speech Therapy: For those who experience speech difficulties or swallowing challenges, speech therapy can help improve communication and swallowing function.
4. Cognitive Rehabilitation: For individuals who experience cognitive changes after stroke, cognitive rehabilitation focuses on memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.
5. Emotional Support: Stroke recovery can be emotionally challenging. Our team provides emotional support and counselling to help you cope with these changes.

Living with Stroke:

Coping with stroke may require adjustments to your lifestyle. Here are some tips to support your well-being:

• Attend all follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider.
• Engage in prescribed rehabilitation programs consistently.
• Maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated.
• Take medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• Seek emotional support from family, friends, or support groups.

Our team at Pacifica Health is committed to providing you with comprehensive care and support throughout your stroke rehabilitation journey. Please feel free to reach out if you have any questions or concerns.